Relationship between anxiety, depressive symptoms and compulsive overeating disorder in patients with cardiovascular diseases / Relação entre sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e compulsão alimentar em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares / Relación entre sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y compulsión alimenticia en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the presence of compulsive overeating disorder in patients with cardiovascular diseases and to verify its relation with sociodemographic, clinical variables and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample of 111 patients with cardiovascular diseases. The presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale instrument and compulsive overeating disorder was assessed through a likert instrument called the Periodic Eating Disorder Scale (Binge Eating Scale). Results: there was a predominance of patients without compulsive overeating disorder (n=91, 82%), followed by moderated compulsive overeating (n=15, 13.5%) and severe (n=5, 4.5%) associating to high levels of body mass index (p=0.010) and the presence of anxiety (p=0.017). Conclusion: Compulsive overeating disorder was present in 18% of the patients, being associated with body mass index and anxiety, suggesting that health professionals should pay attention to the comprehensive evaluation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Important results emerged from this study, emphasizing the need to implement programs to improve the patients' mental and physical health in both primary and specialized care services.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a presença de compulsão alimentar em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares e verificar sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e presença de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. Método: estudo correlacional, de corte transversal, com amostra constituída por 111 pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. A presença de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos foi avaliada pelo instrumento hospital anxiety and depression scale e a compulsão alimentar foi avaliada por meio de um instrumento likert denominado Escala de compulsão alimentar periódica (binge eating scale). Resultados: houve predomínio de pacientes sem compulsão alimentar (n=91; 82%), seguida da presença de pacientes com compulsão alimentar moderada (n=15; 13,5%) e grave (n=5; 4,5%), sendo associada a níveis elevados de índice de massa corporal (p=0,010) e à presença de sintomas ansiosos (p=0,017). Conclusão: a compulsão alimentar esteve presente em 18% dos pacientes, estando associada ao índice de massa corporal e à ansiedade, sugerindo que os profissionais da saúde devem se atentar para a avaliação integral do paciente com doenças cardiovasculares. Importantes resultados emergiram deste estudo, ressaltando a necessidade da implementação de programas para melhorar a saúde mental e física dos pacientes em serviços de atenção tanto primária como especializada.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar la presencia de compulsión alimenticia en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares y verificar su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y la presencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos. Método: estudio correlacional, de corte transversal, con muestra constituida por 111 pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares. La presencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos fue evaluada con el instrumento Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale y la compulsión alimenticia fue evaluada por medio de una escala tipo Likert denominada Escala de Compulsión Alimenticia Periódica (Binge Eating Scale). Resultados: hubo predominio de pacientes sin compulsión alimenticia (n=91; 82%), seguida de la presencia de compulsión alimenticia moderada (n=15; 13,5%) y grave (n=5; 4,5%), siendo asociada a niveles elevados de índice de masa corporal (p=0,010) y a la presencia de síntomas ansiosos (p=0,017). Conclusión: la compulsión alimenticia estuvo presente en 18% de los pacientes, estando asociada al índice de masa corporal y a la ansiedad, sugiriendo que los profesionales de la salud deben prestar atención a la evaluación integral del paciente con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Importantes resultados surgieron de ese estudio, destacándose la necesidad de la implementación de programas para mejorar la salud mental y física de los pacientes, tanto en servicios de atención primaria como especializada.

Restricción alimentaria y sobrealimentación: un modelo de la neurociencia afectiva: [revisión] / Overeating and restrained eaters: an affective neuroscience perspective: [review]

Some subjects may overeat when they experience anxiety even if they chronically restrict their food consumption. This contradictory behavior is a dysfunctional emotional regulation mechanism, which promotes the development of obesity and eating disorders. We review studies from a research program where alimentary restriction and overeating are conceived under the perspective of affective neuroscience. In this framework, restrained eaters (RE) are descríbed as subjects that are emotionally vulnerable and have dysfunctional emotional modulation strategies. We discuss empine evidence about the influence of motivational systems on alimentary behavior. Electrophysiological observations in RE reveal a self-referential processing of food stimulus as well as dysfunctional processing duríng the differentiation of emotional expressions. We stress the role of emotional education and the creation of psychometríc instruments designed for early detection of restrained eaters.